Chapter 4
                                  Growing America
Lesson 1
1.  Julien Dubuque was one of the new settlers in the west.  He settled in an area that was the home of the Mesquakie people.
 
2.  The Mesquakie allowed Dubuque to mine lead.  Mine means to dig something out of the earth.  Lead is mineral or a nonliving thing in the earth or water.
 
3. Julien Dubuque died in 1810.  After he died new settlers came to work in the lead mine.  These settlers started a new community.  They named their community Dubuque after Julien Dubuque.
 
4. On July 4, 1838, Iowa became a territory. A territory is part of the United States that is not yet admitted as a state.  After this Dubuque grew quickly.
 
5. Over the years Dubuque changed.
 
-A land office opened.
 
-Gas lamps were put on streets.
 
-Dubuque had its first Police and Fire Departments.
 
-Three public schools opened.
 
-The first public market opened.
 
6. The railroad helped make Dubuque the largest city in Iowa.  People could travel to Dubuque by train so more settlers moved there.
 
 
From Farms to Factories
Lesson 2
1.  Factories changed how people lived and worked. 
2. Power looms replaced hand looms. They could weave cloth much faster.
3. Mill owners built their mills near water because they needed water power to run the power looms and other machines.
4. In the early 1800's most people lived in rural areas.  When factories were built many communities became cities.
5. Lowell, Massachusetts was a factory community.  It was built to house people who worked in factories. 
6. People moved from farms to take jobs in mill towns.  Instead of farming, these people worked in the mills.
7. Women became mill workers too.  Their life working in a mill was very different from their life on a farm.
8. Factory owners expected the workers to do more and more work.
9. Factories were dusty and noisy.  Many people quit their jobs in the factories. When people came from Europe they often took the jobs in the factories.


Lesson 3
 A Wave of Immigrants
 
1. Immigrants, people who come into a new country after leaving their home country, often started new communities when they moved to the United States.
2. Many people came to the United States in the late 1800's and early 1900's because they wanted a new and better life, better farms and schools, and freedom to practice their own religion.  They traveled by boat. The Statue of Liberty has welcomed countless immigrants to American shores.  Her torch is a symbol of a new life in a new country.
3. It wasn't easy for immigrants to get used to life in the United States.  They had to make many changes.  They settled in cities, started new neighborhoods, learned English, and learned new jobs.
4. Many immigrants still come to the United States today.  They still want better jobs, a better life for their families, and religious freedom.  They now travel by plane. 
5. The immigrants brought change to the communities in the United States.  They created many different ethnic neighborhoods.  An ethnic group is a group of people who share the same culture.
6. Immigrant neighborhoods were a little like the country they left.  The stores sold the same kinds of foods and items that immigrants had bought in their home country.
 
  
Lesson 4
The Age of the Automobile
 
1. Communities change as transportation changes.
2. When the first cars arrived in Atlanta streets were made of dirt.  Cars created many problems for Atlanta.  They passed a law that required drivers of automobiles to get licenses. A license is written permission to do something.  The city built wider roads and expressways.
3. The invention of the automobile affected where people decided to live. With cars, people could move to the suburbs and beyond.
4.  Good transportation brought new business to Atlanta. 
5. Today Atlanta has a modern system of rapid transit. This system of high speed trains, buses, and subways made it easier for people to travel to work.
6. Transportation keeps changing.  As more people use cars, people build new roads and wide highways that help keep traffic moving quickly called expressways.  New roads bring traffic, houses, businesses, and people.  These things change communities









                                                               Unit 2
                                                            Chapter 3
                                                        Early America
 
Lesson 1    Native American Communities
1.  The Iroquois worked together to use resources from the woodland to build homes and protect themselves.
2.  Adapt is to change so as to be suitable for different condition or purpose.
3.  A long house is building made of wood and bark in which Iroquois families lived.
4.  As many as ten families lived in one long house.
5.  Living together in one long house made it easier to keep warm in winter.
6.  A group of long houses made a village.  A village was surrounded by a big wall.  This was so they would be safe from attack from other people.
7.  Native Americans groups living long ago fought with one another.
8.  The Iroquois tell the story of a great leader, Hiawatha, who was sick with sadness about the wars.
9. Hiawatha showed the people how to be peaceful and used wampum belts made of shells and long grasses as a symbol for peace.
10.  The Hopi lived in what we now call Arizona.
11.  The Hopi used thin trees, rocks, and mud to build homes and planted crops for food.
12.  The Hopi houses looked like apartment houses.  Together, these houses were called pueblo.
13.  Because there was very little rain in the desert, the Hopi people had special ceremonies before they began their planting in the spring.  They believed healthy plants were a gift from the land.
14.  The Bean Ceremony happens every February.  During this ceremony the people pray for rain, a large harvest of crops, and good health for all people.
 
                                                                                 Chapter 3
                                                                                 Lesson 2
                                                                    Settlers in Jamestown
 
1.  The first English settlers arrived at Jamestown in the spring of 1607.
2.  Colony is a group of people who settle in a distant land.
3.  A settler is a person who goes to a new place to start a community.
4.  The settlers were not used to the land Jamestown.  The plants and animals were strange to them and the summer weather was hotter than it was in England.
5.  The settlers built a fort.  A fort is an area or building surrounded by walls for protection.  People go to a fort to be safe from attack.
6.  The Powhatan were a group of Native American people who lived along the seacoast for many years before the English settlers came.
7.  The Powhatan taught the settlers how to hunt, fish, and grow plants.
8.  Without the Powhatan people, the settlers at Jamestown would never have lived.
9.  The Powhatan also taught the settlers about tobacco.  The settlers sold tobacco in Europe for a lot of money.
10.  Trade is to take part in buying, selling, or battering.
11.  In 1619, the first Africans came to Jamestown.  They too learned to plant new crops, and some built their own communities.
12.  Slavery is when a person is forced to work for someone else without being paid.
13.There were always free African American people in communities nearby, but most Africans around Jamestown were forced into slavery.
 
 
                                                       Chapter 3
                                                       Lesson 3
                                               Salem Takes to the Sea
 
1.  Salem is in what we now call Massachusetts and was built on the ocean.
2. There was never enough farmland around Salem.  Instead of becoming farmers, many people in Salem fished.  Fishing boats brought cargoes of fish back to Salem. 
3.  Merchants used ships to carry fish and other things they had-like lumber-to other places.
5.  A merchant is a person who buys and sells goods.
6.  Salem's location on the sea created jobs.  Some workers made ships.  Others made things ships needed, such as ropes, sails, and tools.  Merchants hired workers to build wharves for their ships.
7.  Cargo is the freight carried by a vehicle
8.  Wharf is a landing built along a shore where ships can load or unload.
9.  Merchants traded ship cargoes for things people in Salem would buy.
10.  When ships returned to Salem, they carried cargoes from the places they had gone.  Ships from Spain returned to Salem with raisins, silk handkerchiefs, and oranges.
11.  Import is to bring into another country for trade, sale, or use.(China teacups, dishes, thread, raisins, oranges, silk handkerchiefs, spices, fruits, and cloth.
12.  Fish, shipping, and trade made Salem one of the richest towns in what became the United States.







                                                                   Unit 1
                                                              Chapter 1 and 2
 
Lesson 1
1.  A community is made up of people who live together in the same area.
 
2.  A law is a rule that people must follow to keep order.  Laws help people live together peacefully and safely.
 
3.  City leaders make laws at the capitol building.  They keep people safe and provide community services such as fire prevention and police protection.
 
4.  A route is a road or street that people can follow to find their way around the city.
 
5.  When you explore you go into an area to find out information about it.
 
6.  A canal is a waterway built by people.  The Canal Walk in Indianapolis is a place in their community where people can rest and have fun.
 
7.  A map is a special kind of drawing of a place.
 
8.  A map key helps us figure out what symbols on a map mean.
 
 
Lesson 2
1.  Long ago in Indianapolis people helped each other by:
     *sharing seeds
     *sharing food
     *helping when someone was sick
     *building houses and cleaning the land
 
2.  Sometimes people bought what they needed from general stores.  Some things they bought were sewing needles, flour, and clothes
3.  Blacksmiths would make tools from metal by heating the metal over fire.
 
4.  People traveled by stagecoach before there were trains.
 
5.  Trains changed the way people traveled in these ways:
     *They connected cities
     *They held more people
     *They were faster
 
6.  Things that happened in a community's past helped the community become what it is like today.  To understand your own town or city, you need to learn about the past.
 
7.  A Crossroads is where two or three roads meet.  Indianapolis in 1853 was describe as a crossroad  (Crossroads of America)  due to the fact many roads met there, and all its railroad lines connected at Union Station.  Today Union station is a Shopping Mall.
8.  A settler is a person who moves to a new place to make a home.
9. Logrolling took place after settlers chopped down trees the men rolled the logs into piles while women cooked.
10.  To find out information about Indianapolis in 1825 you may go to a library or the internet.


                                                                       Unit 1
                                                                     Lesson 3
                                                                   Sister Cities
                                                 
1.  Sister City is a city that shares its way of living and doing business with another city.
2.  Culture is the way of living of a people.  This includes customs, language, and beliefs.
3.  Custom is something that the members of a group usually do.
4.  Religion is a system of belief in and worship of God or gods.
5.  Worship is to take part in a religious service.
6.  In Indianapolis you can see a famous racetrack named the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.  In Monza there is also a racetrack named Autodromo.
7.   The cultures of Monza and Indianapolis alike in several ways such as the people eat the same food, wear jeans, play soccer, and go to school.
8.  The culture of Monza and Indianapolis are different in some ways such as they speak different languages and have different religions and culture.  
9.  In Monza they speak Italian.  they eat sweet rolls, cookies, and hot milk for breakfast and eat a big meal at lunchtime.  Children go to school six days a week and get out early.  Most of the people who live in Monza are Roman Catholic.
10.  In Indianapolis they speak English.  They eat cereal and juice for breakfast and eat their big meal in the evening.  Children go to school five days a week.  People who live in Indianapolis have many different religions. 
11.  When people share ideas about how they talk, sing, tell stories, and have fun, they share their culture.